A flat file database contains all the data in one table. This is said to be un-normalised form (UNF).
Applying the process of normalisation reduces many fot he problems that can be found in an un-normalised database.
There are 3 forms of normalisation that you will have to be familiar with.
1NF - "Remove repeating data to a new entity long with a copy of the key".
2NF - "Remove partial dependencies to a new entity along with a copy of the part of the key the entity is based on".
3NF - "Remove non-key dependencies to a new entity along with a copy of the attribute the dependency is based on".
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